What notable feature did the Constitution of Georgia in 1861 include for the first time?

The Constitution of Georgia in 1861 was significant for including due process and judicial review, marking a pivotal advancement in the legal framework of the state. This incorporation was a reflection of the growing recognition of individual rights and the importance of fair legal processes. Due process ensured that individuals would not face arbitrary denial of their rights or liberties, while judicial review allowed for the court system to interpret laws and assess their constitutionality.

This constitutional provision was particularly important in the context of the Civil War era, as states grappled with their rights and the limits of governmental power. By establishing these principles, the 1861 Constitution aimed to provide a foundation for justice and protect citizens from potential overreach by the state. This emphasis on due process and judicial oversight contributed significantly to the development of a more structured and accountable government in Georgia.

In contrast, other options do not accurately reflect the 1861 Constitution's primary focus. While local governance and checks and balances were vital elements of governance, they were not uniquely introduced in this document. The same can be said for the declaration of independence from the Union, which was relevant to the political atmosphere of the time but not a defining feature of the constitutional text itself.